The spleen is an organ located in the upper left part of the abdomen, just below the rib cage. It plays several important roles in the body, primarily related to the immune system and blood health:

Functions of the Spleen

  1. Blood Filtration: The spleen filters and purifies blood, removing old or damaged red blood cells, bacteria, and other foreign substances.

  2. Blood Storage: It acts as a reservoir for blood. In times of emergency, such as a significant blood loss, the spleen can release extra blood into the circulatory system.

  3. Immune Response: The spleen is an important part of the immune system. It contains white blood cells called lymphocytes which produce antibodies and help fight infection.

  4. Red Blood Cell and Platelet Destruction: It helps in the destruction and recycling of old and damaged red blood cells and platelets.

  5. Production of Red Blood Cells: In fetal life, the spleen is involved in the production of red blood cells. In adults, this function is generally inactive but can reactivate under certain pathological conditions.

Diseases and Disorders of the Spleen

  1. Splenomegaly: Enlargement of the spleen, which can be due to various causes like infections, liver diseases, blood cancers, and certain metabolic disorders.

  2. Ruptured Spleen: Trauma to the spleen, often due to accidents or injury, leading to internal bleeding.

  3. Infections: Certain infections, such as mononucleosis, can affect the spleen.

  4. Blood Diseases: Diseases such as sickle cell anemia or thalassemia can lead to splenic complications.

  5. Cancer: Lymphomas, leukemias, and other types of cancer can involve the spleen.

  6. Splenectomy: Surgical removal of the spleen, which might be necessary due to various medical conditions, but leaves individuals more susceptible to infections.

  7. Functional Hyposplenism: This is a condition where the spleen is present but does not function properly, often seen in certain chronic diseases.

The spleen, despite its important functions, is an organ one can live without. People without a spleen, however, need to take certain precautions against infections.