Aortic coarctation is a congenital condition characterized by the narrowing of the aorta, the main artery carrying blood from the heart to the rest of the body. This narrowing typically occurs in the part of the aorta that runs through the chest. Coarctation of the aorta can range from mild to severe and is often present at birth (congenital).
Symptoms
The symptoms can vary depending on the severity of the condition. In infants, symptoms may include:
- Difficulty breathing
- Poor feeding or failure to thrive
- Heavy sweating
- Pale skin
In older children and adults, symptoms might be less noticeable but can include:
- High blood pressure
- Headaches
- Muscle weakness
- Leg cramps or cold feet
- Nosebleeds
- Chest pain
Causes
The exact cause of aortic coarctation is not fully understood, but it's generally believed to develop during fetal development. Genetic factors might play a role.
Complications
If not treated, aortic coarctation can lead to several complications, including:
- High blood pressure
- Heart failure
- Stroke
- Aortic rupture or aneurysm
- Premature coronary artery disease
Diagnosis and Treatment
The condition is often diagnosed in infancy or early childhood. Diagnosis can involve imaging tests like echocardiography, MRI, or CT scans.
Treatment depends on the age at diagnosis and the severity of the condition. It may include surgery to remove the narrowed section of the aorta or balloon angioplasty with stent placement to widen the aorta. Medications may also be used to control blood pressure.
Regular follow-up care with a cardiologist is essential for anyone who has been treated for aortic coarctation, as long-term complications can occur.