Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used by orthopedic surgeons to diagnose and treat problems inside a joint. During arthroscopy, the surgeon inserts a small camera, called an arthroscope, into the joint area. This camera displays pictures on a video monitor, and the surgeon uses these images to guide miniature surgical instruments.
Because the arthroscope and surgical instruments are thin, the surgeon can use very small incisions (cuts), rather than the larger incision needed for open surgery. This results in less pain for patients, less joint stiffness, and often shortens the time it takes to recover and return to favorite activities.
Arthroscopy has been particularly beneficial for athletes and other physically active people who frequently injure knee, shoulder, and other joints. Common procedures done using arthroscopy include:
Repair or resection of torn cartilage (meniscus) from the knee or shoulder.
Reconstruction of a torn anterior cruciate ligament in the knee.
Removal of inflamed lining (synovium) in the knee, shoulder, elbow, wrist, or ankle.
Repair of torn rotator cuff tendons in the shoulder.
Release of carpal tunnel syndrome.
The benefits of arthroscopy involve smaller incisions, faster healing, a more rapid recovery, and less scarring. Athletes and others who are in good physical condition may even return to athletic activities within a few weeks following arthroscopy. However, the overall outcome and recovery time depend on the severity and complexity of the joint problem.