Externally powered (electric) prosthetics, also known as myoelectric prosthetics, utilize electric motors, batteries, and electronic components to create movement. These devices are typically controlled by electromyographic signals from the user's residual muscles. Here's an overview of their types, uses, and the companies that manufacture them:

Types and Uses:

1. Myoelectric Hands and Fingers:

   • Uses: Designed for individuals with partial or complete hand amputations, these prosthetics provide a range of movements for daily activities, such as grasping, holding, and manipulating objects.

   • Features: They detect muscle movements in the residual limb to control the hand and finger movements, offering a more natural and intuitive control.

2. Myoelectric Arms (Elbow and Full-Arm Units):

   • Uses: For above-elbow amputations, these units include a myoelectric hand and an electronically powered elbow, providing a more comprehensive range of motion.

   • Features: They often come with programmable settings and the ability to perform complex movements, such as bending the elbow or rotating the wrist.

3. Bionic Arms:

   • Uses: Advanced myoelectric prosthetics that provide highly sophisticated and natural movements for the entire arm.

   • Features: They incorporate sensors, advanced algorithms, and sometimes haptic feedback to provide a more responsive and intuitive control.

4. Powered Lower Limb Prosthetics:

   • Uses: For individuals with lower limb amputations, these prosthetics provide powered movement to assist in walking, climbing stairs, and other leg movements.

   • Features: They might include powered knee and ankle joints to simulate natural gait patterns.

Companies:

• Össur: Renowned for its innovative prosthetic solutions, Össur offers a range of myoelectric upper and lower limb prosthetics designed for enhanced mobility and comfort.

• Ottobock: A leading company in the field, Ottobock provides a variety of externally powered prosthetic arms, hands, and legs, including advanced bionic limbs.

• Touch Bionics (by Össur): Specializes in advanced myoelectric prosthetic hands and fingers known for their dexterity and natural appearance.

• Advanced Arm Dynamics: Focuses on upper extremity prosthetic rehabilitation, offering custom myoelectric prosthetic solutions.

• Hughes Healthcare: Innovator in lower limb prosthetics, providing powered options for improved mobility.

These companies are continuously advancing the field of prosthetics through research and development, creating devices that are more natural, functional, and comfortable for the user. Externally powered prosthetics represent a significant advancement in offering individuals greater independence and quality of life, with ongoing technological improvements aimed at creating even more intuitive and effective devices.