A hysterectomy is a surgical procedure to remove a woman's uterus. There are several types of hysterectomies:

1. Total Hysterectomy: In this procedure, the entire uterus, including the cervix, is removed. This is the most common type of hysterectomy.
2. Partial, or Supracervical, Hysterectomy: Only the upper part of the uterus is removed, while the cervix is left in place.
3. Radical Hysterectomy: This is typically performed when cancer is present. It involves the removal of the uterus, tissue on the sides of the uterus, the cervix, and the top part of the vagina.
4. Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy: Along with the uterus, both ovaries and fallopian tubes are removed. This is often done if there's a risk or presence of ovarian cancer.

Hysterectomy can be performed through various surgical methods:

• Abdominal Hysterectomy: The uterus is removed through a cut in the lower abdomen.
• Vaginal Hysterectomy: The uterus is removed through a cut in the vagina.
• Laparoscopic Hysterectomy: Small incisions are made for a laparoscope (a thin tube with a camera) and instruments to remove the uterus.

The choice of procedure depends on the reason for the hysterectomy (like uterine fibroids, endometriosis, uterine prolapse, cancer, chronic pelvic pain, heavy or irregular periods) and the patient's health.

Recovery time varies based on the type of surgery, but generally, it takes several weeks. Possible complications include infection, bleeding, and injury to surrounding organs. Hysterectomy leads to infertility and, if ovaries are removed, immediate menopause.

It's important to discuss with a healthcare provider about the risks, benefits, and alternatives before undergoing a hysterectomy.