Joint fusion surgery, also known as arthrodesis, is a surgical procedure that involves fusing the bones of a joint to eliminate motion and alleviate pain. It's typically used for joints that have been severely damaged by arthritis, injury, or other conditions. The procedure can be performed on various joints in the body, and the types of joint fusion surgery generally correspond to the joint being treated. Here are some common types:

1. Spinal Fusion: This is used to treat conditions like degenerative disc disease, spinal stenosis, scoliosis, or herniated discs. The vertebrae in the spine are fused together to restrict movement and provide stability.

2. Ankle Fusion: Often performed for severe ankle arthritis or injury, ankle fusion surgery removes the surfaces of the damaged joint and fuses the bones together, typically using metal plates and screws.

3. Wrist Fusion: This type of surgery is usually done to relieve arthritis pain in the wrist. The bones of the wrist are fused to eliminate movement in the joint.

4. Hip Fusion: Less common today due to the success of hip replacement surgeries, hip fusion is still an option for younger patients or those with specific conditions. It involves fusing the thigh bone to the pelvis.

5. Finger or Toe Fusion: Used for small joints, this surgery often treats arthritis in fingers or toes. The ends of the bones are joined together, so the finger or toe can no longer bend.

Each type of joint fusion surgery has specific indications, advantages, and limitations. The choice of procedure depends on factors like the joint involved, the patient's age, activity level, and overall health. Post-surgery, patients may experience limitations in joint mobility but often find significant pain relief. Rehabilitation and physical therapy are important parts of recovery to maximize function and adapt to changes in joint movement.