Modern prosthetics are made from a variety of materials, each selected for specific properties like strength, flexibility, and weight. Here are some common materials used:

1. Polypropylene: This thermoplastic polymer is durable, flexible, and lightweight, making it a common choice for socket liners in prosthetic limbs.

2. Carbon Fiber: Known for its high stiffness, high tensile strength, low weight, high chemical resistance, high temperature tolerance, and low thermal expansion, carbon fiber is used in high-performance prosthetics. It provides strength and durability without adding much weight.

3. Titanium and Aluminum Alloys: Both metals are used for their strength, durability, and lightweight properties. Titanium, in particular, is also biocompatible, making it suitable for direct contact with the body and long-term use.

4. Silicone and Polyurethane: These materials are often used for making realistic-looking prosthetic skins, socket liners, and cushions. They are flexible and can be colored to match the user's skin tone.

5. Acrylic Resin: Often used in cosmetic prostheses, acrylic resin can be shaped and colored to a high degree of natural appearance.

6. Thermoplastics and Thermosetting plastics: These are used for various components of the prosthetics due to their moldability, durability, and lightweight.

The choice of material depends on the type of prosthetic, its intended use, the user's needs, and cost considerations. Prosthetics are continually evolving with advances in materials science, leading to lighter, stronger, and more comfortable limbs.

Here are some leading companies in the modern prosthetics market:

1. Zimmer Biomet: A major player offering a wide range of prosthetic products, primarily focused on bones, artificial limbs, and joints, operating globally​​.

2. Fillauer: Known for innovative designs and a broad range of prosthetics and orthotics products, serving both pediatric and adult needs​​.

3. Hanger Inc.: Offers bespoke prosthetic solutions and operates across 900 locations, providing various orthotic and prosthetic solutions​​.

4. Mobius Bionics: Specializes in advanced medical technologies, particularly known for the LUKE arm for upper-limb amputation​​.

5. Ohio Willow Wood: Focuses on comfortable and functional prosthetic solutions, with a wide range of products including vacuum systems, liners, and feet products​​.

6. Esper Bionics: Offers AI-based orthopedic prosthetics and neurology products, with a focus on bionic and mechatronic innovations​​.

7. ToughWare Prosthetics: Provides cutting-edge and affordable prosthetic gear, emphasizing innovative engineering and manufacturing​​.

These companies are at the forefront of prosthetics innovation, each contributing to advancements in technology, design, and patient care.