Minimally invasive total knee replacement (also called knee arthroplasty) is a surgical technique that aims to reduce the size of the incision and the amount of tissue disruption during a knee replacement surgery. This approach is designed to offer several benefits over traditional knee replacement surgery, such as reduced pain, shorter hospital stay, quicker recovery, and less scarring. Here are the key techniques involved in minimally invasive total knee replacement:

1. Smaller Incision: Traditional knee replacements typically involve an incision of about 8-10 inches. In contrast, minimally invasive surgery uses an incision of about 4-6 inches. This smaller incision reduces damage to the surrounding muscles and tissues.
2. Specialized Surgical Instruments: Surgeons use specially designed instruments that fit through the smaller incision. These instruments allow the surgeon to maneuver around the tissue rather than cutting through it.
3. Quadriceps-Sparing Techniques: One approach in minimally invasive knee replacement is to avoid cutting into the quadriceps muscle, which is the main muscle group in front of the thigh. By sparing the quadriceps, there is less muscle damage and a potentially quicker recovery.
4. Subvastus or Midvastus Approaches: These techniques involve either going under or partially through the muscles around the knee to access the joint, reducing tissue trauma.
5. Computer Navigation and Robotics: In some cases, surgeons may use computer-assisted surgery or robotics to enhance precision in bone cutting and implant positioning. This can be particularly helpful in a minimally invasive approach due to the smaller surgical field.
6. Patient-Specific Instrumentation: In certain cases, instruments and surgical plans are tailored to the individual patient's anatomy, which can improve the accuracy of the procedure.
7. Rapid Recovery Protocols: Postoperative care often includes a focus on early mobilization, pain management, and physical therapy to facilitate a quicker return to normal activities.
8. Customized Implants: Some surgeons use implants designed specifically for minimally invasive techniques, which may be smaller or differently shaped to suit the reduced surgical exposure.

It's important to note that not every patient is a candidate for minimally invasive total knee replacement. Factors such as the size and shape of the knee, the extent of the knee damage, the patient's overall health, and the surgeon's experience and preference all play a role in determining the best surgical approach. Patients considering this procedure should discuss the risks and benefits with their orthopedic surgeon to determine the best course of action for their individual situation.