Rheumatic heart disease is a condition that results from rheumatic fever, a disease that can develop after a streptococcal infection, such as strep throat or scarlet fever. The disease primarily affects children in developing countries, often resulting in long-term heart valve damage. Here are the key aspects of rheumatic heart disease:

1. Causes and Risk Factors: Rheumatic heart disease occurs after rheumatic fever, which itself is a reaction to a streptococcal infection. Factors that increase the risk include a history of strep throat or scarlet fever, poor access to healthcare, overcrowding, and poverty.
2. Symptoms: Symptoms of rheumatic fever, which can lead to rheumatic heart disease, include fever, painful and swollen joints, skin rashes, involuntary muscle movements, and heart problems. In the long term, rheumatic heart disease can cause heart valve damage, leading to symptoms like shortness of breath, chest pain, fatigue, swelling of the limbs, and heart palpitations.
3. Diagnosis: Diagnosis is based on a combination of medical history, physical examination, and tests such as blood tests, echocardiograms, and ECGs. The Jones Criteria, which include evidence of a preceding strep infection along with other specific signs and symptoms, are often used to diagnose rheumatic fever.
4. Treatment: Treatment focuses on eliminating the streptococcal infection with antibiotics, reducing inflammation with anti-inflammatory medications, and managing the symptoms of heart disease. In some cases, surgery may be required to repair or replace damaged heart valves.
5. Prevention: Prevention strategies include prompt treatment of strep throat with antibiotics to prevent rheumatic fever and regular prophylactic antibiotics for people who have had rheumatic fever to prevent recurrence.
6. Prognosis: The outlook for individuals with rheumatic heart disease varies. It can range from mild to severe, depending on the extent of the heart damage and the success of treatment. Early detection and continuous medical care are crucial for managing the disease and preventing complications.

Rheumatic heart disease is a serious and preventable condition. Efforts to improve living conditions, increase access to medical care, and educate communities about the importance of treating streptococcal infections can help reduce the incidence of this disease.